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ICOADS Web information page (Wednesday, 11-May-2016 19:28:25 UTC):
Release 2.5 (Preliminary) sea surface temperature (SST) data continuity questions
Fig. 1 provides a 4-panel comparison plot between preliminary Release 2.5 data and Release 2.4 data (2° enhanced monthly summaries in both cases) for a selected 20-year focus period (for details on the 4-panel plot layout see icoads.noaa.gov/panels.html; note that a minimum of 1000 nobs are required per month, or all curves are omitted to ensure meaningful data patterns). The remaining plots explore some of the noteworthy data-difference patterns on a deck-by-deck basis for selected periods or subperiods.Discussion
Note: "main" figure references are to the parent [Release 2.5 (Preliminary) Data Characteristics].
a. The period around 1961-64 (Fig. 1) shows the largest near-global patterns of reduced SST, followed by patterns of slightly elevated SST 1965-67. The largest change in data mixture during 1961-64 (see main Fig. 4c) appears to come from UK MDB deck 254 ("Int. Maritime Met. (IMM) Data (foreign or unknown origin)"), which, judging from that name, originated from keyed logbook reports exchanged under the Marine Climatological Summaries Scheme (MCSS) as initiated by WMO in 1963. Interestingly, during the 1960s (for unknown reasons) deck 254 primarily covers MCSS Areas of Responsibility other than that of the US (see sharp data cut-off patterns in main Fig. 3g3). Decks from other countries that match deck 254 in some cases contain more complete information such as a form of ship ID (e.g., Annex).
Proposed action:b. Some truncated SST observations were also found in deck 254 compared to duplicate reports from deck 128 (a US version of the IMM data; see Fig. 4 and Annex), but without any evident impact on near-global difference patterns (Fig. 1). Based on additional evidence (including Fig. 2e), this problem appears confined to 1968-69 and to US-recruited ship reports (and thus for which more original data should be available from deck 128 and possibly other US decks).
During the entire period of record, adjust dupelim rules to preferentially select most other decks (excepting e.g. deck 732 "Russian MORMET" and deck 901 "FOSDIC Reconstructions"; ref. Fig. 3) over deck 254 in the event of near-equivalent matches. However, deck 254 also appears to be contributing substantial amounts of unique new data (e.g., during 1961-63; see main Fig. 4c), which will be retained, and it is unknown what impact this action might have on the SST patterns.
Proposed action:
During 1968-69, delete all SST observations from deck 254 reports with US country code (C1=2). This will eliminate any such truncated SST values, and help ensure that deck 254 generally is not selected when more original US data sources are instead available.
Figure 1
Figure 2a. Bars show percentage frequency (left axis) of SST tenths values per deck (all ICOADS deck numbers are listed in Tables D6a-D6c). The line (right axis) indicates the total number of observations per deck during the period (note: log scale). Decks are ranked left to right from the lowest frequency to highest. Deck believed to contribute most heavily to anomaly changes: Deck 254 (Int. Maritime Met. (IMM) Data (foreign or unknown origin)). One noteworthy numerical pattern shown in this figure is the lack of a tenths position of 5 for some data, which we believe typically arises from conversion from whole degrees Fahrenheit to 0.1 degrees Celsius (with rounding).
Figure 2b. Bars show percentage frequency (left axis) of SST tenths values per year. The line (right axis) indicates the total number of observations per year (note: log scale).
Figure 2c. Bars show percentage frequency (left axis) of deck 254 SST tenths values per C1 (country code). The line (right axis) indicates the total number of deck 254 observations per C1 during the period (note: log scale). C1s are ranked left to right from the lowest frequency to highest.
| 0 = Netherlands | 10 = Ireland | 20 = Sweden | 30 = Spain | |
| 1 = Norway | 11 = Philippines | 21 = FRG | 31 = Thailand | |
| 2 = US | 12 = Egypt | 22 = Iceland | 32 = Yugoslavia | |
| 3 = UK | 13 = Canada | 23 = Israel | 33 = Poland | |
| 4 = France | 14 = Belgium | 24 = Malaysia | 34 = Brazil | |
| 5 = Denmark | 15 = South Africa | 25 = USSR | 35 = Singapore | |
| 6 = Italy | 16 = Australia | 26 = Finland | 36 = Kenya | |
| 7 = India | 17 = Japan | 27 = Rep. of Korea | 37 = Tanzania | |
| 8 = Hong Kong | 18 = Pakistan | 28 = New Caledonia | 38 = Uganda | |
| 9 = New Zealand | 19 = Argentina | 29 = Portugal | 39 = Mexico | 40 = GDR |
Figure 2d. (See Figure 2b for plot explanation.) Deck 254 only.
Figure 2e. (See Figure 2b for plot explanation.) Deck 254, C1 2 only.
Figure 2f. (See Figure 2c for plot explanation.) For the 1980-97 period, UK MDB deck 254 was previously blended into ICOADS (originally as part of Release 2.0). At that time we did not note any systematic adverse data impacts from dupelim involving deck 254, but this question should probably be revisited as resources permit.
Figure 3. Bars show the percentage frequency (left axis) of SST observation (a1) trimming flag (SF) value. Specifically, where a1 is the individual observation under scrutiny, g is the smoothed median, and s1 and s5 are the smoothed lower and upper median deviation:
| F = data missing or not computable |
| E = data unusable (SF, AF, and PF, only) |
| D = landlocked 2-degree box |
| C = limits missing (ocean/coastal box) |
| 7 = greater than 4.5 sigma upper limit (a1 > g + 4.5*s5) |
| 6 = less than 4.5 sigma lower limit (a1 < g - 4.5*s1) |
| 5 = greater than 3.5 sigma upper limit (g + 3.5*s5 < a1 <= g + 4.5*s5) |
| 4 = less than 3.5 sigma lower limit (g - 4.5*s1 <= a1 < g - 3.5*s1) |
| 3 = greater than 2.8 sigma upper limit (g + 2.8*s5 < a1 <= g + 3.5*s5) |
| 2 = less than 2.8 sigma lower limit (g - 3.5*s1 <= a1 < g - 2.8*s1) |
| 1 = within 2.8 sigma limits (g - 2.8*s1 <= a1 <= g + 2.8*s5) |
Figure 4. SST scatterplot for the indicated matches of duplicate reports between decks 254 and 128 (October 1968), illustrating the truncation of SST in deck 254 to whole degrees. All matches have country code C1=02, US.
Annex: Duplicate report match examples (note: field abbreviations, listed vertically, are defined here) between decks:
254: Int. Maritime Met. (IMM) Data (foreign or unknown origin)illustrating SSTs truncated (to whole degrees C) in deck 254 (all examples have country code C1=02, US).
128: International Marine (US- or foreign-keyed ship data)
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196810 1 0 2090 11910 25015498 12*10072**** 280 252 243 270758339** 5 9***************************02**11225254 90 5 92
196810 1 0 2090 119101700 25015498 12*100722 30 280 252 243 277758339** 5 9*************************2302****225128 1 1 12
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196810 1 0 1990 11450 340 6298 22*10080**** 255 245 241 290885700*********************************02**11261254 90 5 92
196810 1 0 1990 114500018 340 6298 22*100802 10 255 245 241 295885700*******************************8302****261128 1 1 12
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196810 1 0 1890 10760 2010397 22*10095**** 272 206 175 270845550** 4 4***************************02****260254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1890 10760E938 2010397 22*10095**** 272 206 175 278845550** 5 4***************************02****260128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1840 10630 30 7797 22*10115**** 267 233 220 30082157*** 2 1***************************02****260254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1840 10630G134 30 7797 22*10115**** 267 233 220 30682157*** 5 1***************************02****260128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1840 10640 340 5198 32*10105**** 278 228 208 2808854**** 4 2***************************02****260254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1840 10640E009 340 5198 32*10105**** 278 228 208 2898854**** 5 2***************************02****260128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1830 10790 360 9398 22*10090**** 272 211 183 2908865**** 2 2***************************02****260254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1830 10790A055 360 9398 22*10090**** 272 211 183 2948865**** 5 2***************************02****260128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1810 10730 1010398 22*10112**** 272 217 192 28082767*** 4 2***************************02****260254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1810 10730-122 1010398 22*10112**** 272 217 192 28382767*** 5 2***************************02****260128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1810 11330 150 5797 22*10078**** 266 233 221 2708884**** 3 233 9 7*********************02**11261254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1810 11330-617 150 5797 22*10078**** 266 233 221 2788884**** 5 233 9 7*********************02****261128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1780 10780 34010398 32*10105**** 272 239 227 28088086*** 3 4***************************02****260254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1780 10780D603 34010398 32*10105**** 272 239 227 28988086*** 5 4***************************02****260128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1760 10690 350 8798 21*10095**** 256 206 182 270884500*********************************02****260254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1760 10690A475 350 8798 21*10095**** 256 206 182 272884500*********************************02****260128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1750 10990 200 3698802*10100**** 245 228 220 3108874**** 5 2***************************02****260254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1750 10990G152 200 3698802*10100**** 245 228 220 3118874******** 5 5 2*********************02****260128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1690 10730 20 5798 22*10108**** 228 217 212 2708824**** 6 2***************************02****260254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1690 10730H726 20 5798 22*10108**** 228 217 212 2788824**** 7 2***************************02****260128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1690 10740 280 6798808*10115**** 256 226 213 2908885**** 4 1 6 7 3*********************02****260254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1690 10740-233 280 6798808*10115**** 256 226 213 2948885**** 5 1 6 7 3*********************02****260128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1690 10750 36011898 22*10105**** 273 229 212 290881400** 2 2***************************02****260254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1690 10750E023 36011898 22*10105**** 273 229 212 296881400** 5 2***************************02****260128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1640 11660 25012997816*10060**** 267 256 253 2708833**** 5 3***************************02**11261254 90 5 92
196810 1 0 1640 116601722 25012997816*100608 15 267 256 253 2788833**** 5 3*************************5202****261128 1 1 12
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196810 1 0 1600 10830 280 7298 25*10102**** 284 257 249 270821577** 4 1 5 5 2*********************02****260254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1600 10830-295 280 7298 25*10102**** 284 257 249 272821577** 5 1 5 5 2*********************02****260128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1470 11620 350 5198 36*10088**** 274 257 251 2808874**** 1 119 5 4*********************02**11261254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1470 11620E925 350 5198 36*10088**** 274 257 251 2898874**** 5 119 5 4*********************02****261128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1450 11610 280 5798 32*10081**** 278 258 251 28086452*** 1 133 6 4*********************02**11261254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1450 11610E014 280 5798 32*10081**** 278 258 251 28986452*** 5 133 6 4*********************02****261128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 1450 11910 20015498 22*10105**** 278 256 249 2906654**** 4 419 5 8*********************02**11261254 90 5 92
196810 1 0 1450 119107281 20015498 22*101054 0 278 256 249 2946654**** 5 419 5 8*******************6302****261128 1 1 12
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196810 1 0 1420 11730 20018098 22*10071**** 289 256 246 280623479** 610***************************02**11261254 90 5 92
196810 1 0 1420 117303622 20018098 22*100712 5 289 256 246 289623479** 710*************************7402****261128 1 1 12
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196810 1 0 1260 11570 220 7298 31*10105**** 283 256 246 310664401** 5 4 1 6 6*********************02**11261254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 1260 11570A026 220 7298 31*10105**** 283 256 246 311664401** 5 4 1 6 6*********************02****261128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 980 10710 200 4197606*10091**** 239 239 239 27086752*** 2 1***************************02**11296254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 980 10710H778 200 4197606*10091**** 239 239 239 27886752*** 5 1***************************02****296128 1 1 92
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R O Y R T N123456789 D W V W12 PA P T T T TNHLHMH D P H D P H 2 2 2S SS12345 RRSS 1 2SP 0 K D T SC
196810 1 0 980 10950 361 098 32*10100**** 267 250 244 250828407** 0 0 1 5 3*********************02**11296254 90 5 92
196810 1 0 980 109504308 361 098 32*101003 10 267 250 244 256828407** 0 0 1 5 3*******************1502****296128 1 1 12
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196810 1 0 970 10990 180 5198152*10081**** 267 256 253 25088042*** 3 2 1 5 6*********************02**11296254 90 5 12
196810 1 0 970 10990F137 180 5198152*10081**** 267 256 253 25688042*** 5 2 1 5 6*********************02****296128 1 1 92
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196810 1 0 930 11000 361 098 31*10101**** 267 233 220 27076443*** 0 0***************************02**11297254 90 5 92
196810 1 0 930 110001314 361 098 31*101012 20 267 233 220 27876443*** 0 0*************************5402****297128 1 1 12
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196810 1 0 340 10030 361 097618*10130**** 250 239 234 300887500** 0 0***************************02**11296254 90 5 92
196810 1 0 340 100307427 361 097618*101301 10 250 239 234 305887500** 0 0*************************3402****296128 1 1 12
[Documentation and Software][Release 2.5 (Preliminary) Data Characteristics]
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