Contents

(* Only abstract is included; ** contributed paper for this volume; presenter in italics)
Acknowledgments iii
Foreword 1

Part 1. Overview

1.1 The Early History of COADS (J.O. Fletcher) 5
1.2 The Importance of COADS for Global Reanalysis (R.L. Jenne) 9

Part 2. Improvement of the COADS Database

2.1 Updating COADS-Problems and Opportunities  (S.D. Woodruff, S.J. Lubker, and M.Y. Liu) 17
2.2 Status of NCDC Keying of Historical Marine Data (J.D. Elms) 35
2.3 The Collection of Historical Ships' Data in Kobe Marine Observatory (T.Uwai and K. Komura) 45
2.4 Blending of COADS and UK Meteorological Office Marine Data Sets (D.E.Parker) 57
2.5 Russian Marine Meteorological Data Set (K.B. Yudin, I.G. Ylyanich, V.N. Popova, and Ye.M. Krakanovskaya; presented by V.N. Razuvaev) 69
2.6 Status of Other New Data Sets for COADS (S.J. Worley) 77
2.7 Sifting Out Erroneous Observations in COADS-The Trimming Problem (K. Wolter) 87
2.8 An Analysis of Differences Between Ship and Buoy Observations (U. Radok, S.J. Lubker, and T.J. Brown) 99

Part 3. Evaluation of COADS Wind Fields

3.1 Thirty Years of Tropical Pacific Winds from COADS: The FSU Winds* (J.J. O'Brien) 113
3.2 The Quality of Ship Observations in the Equatorial Western Pacific (M.L. Morrissey) 115
3.3 A Comparison of Surface Geostrophic Winds with COADS Ship Wind Observations (H.F. Diaz, Fu C., and Quan X.) 127
3.4 Comparison of Estimated and Measured Marine Surface Wind Speed (H.-J. Isemer) 137
3.5 The Scientific Beaufort Equivalent Scale: Effects on Wind Statistics and Climatological Air-Sea Flux Estimates in the North Atlantic Ocean (H.-J. Isemer and L. Hasse) 151
3.6 Estimates of Wind Stress and Heat Fluxes with Bias Corrections (A.M. da Silva, C.C. Young, and S. Levitus) 167
3.7 The Wind Problem in COADS and Its Influence on the Water Balance (Z. Wu and R.E. Newell) 177
3.8 Towards a Dynamically Constrained Analysis of Sea Level Pressure and Winds** (Y. Kushnir, S.E. Zebiak, M.A. Cane, and R.L. Tagett) 191
3.9 Statistical Analyses of COADS Wind Data in Coastal Regions of the United States** (F.A. Godshall and H.A. Walker) 205

Part 4. Evaluation of COADS Sea Surface Temperature Fields

4.1 Corrections to Pre-1941 SST Measurements for Studies of Long-Term Changes in SSTs (P.D. Jones and T.M.L. Wigley) 219
4.2 Transformation of 2' into 5' Grids for Global SST Trend Analyses (A. Spekat) 233
4.3 Improvements to an SST Climatology Using COADS (D.J. Shea, K.E. Trenberth, and R.W. Reynolds) 241
4.4 Effect of Recent Volcanic Eruptions on Satellite-Derived Sea Surface Temperatures (R.W. Reynolds) 251
4.5 Preliminary Comparison of North Atlantic SST Anomalies Between COADS and AVHRR-Derived Fields (G.R. Halliwell) 257

Part 5. Evaluation of COADS Hydrological Variables

5.1 The Use of COADS Ship Observations in Cloud Climatologies (C.J. Hahn, S.G. Warren, and J. London) 267
5.2 A Comparison of COADS and Nimbus-7 Cloud Statistics (B.C. Weare) 277
5.3 Use of COADS in Global Water Budget Studies* (R.E. Newell and Z. Wu) 285

Part 6. COADS as an Analysis Tool I

6.1 What Can COADS Tell Us? Potential and Limitations (C.F. Ropelewski, D. Marsico, M. Chelliah, and T. Smith) 289
6.2 The Value and Use of Averaged Homogenized Data Derived from COADS (P.B. Wright) 297
6.3 Intercomparison of Global Marine Climatologies (S.L. Grotch) 301
6.4 COADS as a Diagnostic Modeling Tool: Air-Sea Interaction and the Role of the Deep Ocean in Climate Change (H.P. Hanson) 309
6.5 Monitoring Global Monthly Mean Surface Temperature (K.E. Trenberth and J.W. Hurrell) 321

Part 7. COADS as an Analysis Tool II

7.1 Combined Southern Oscillation Index and Sea Surface Temperatures as Predictors of Seasonal Rainfall (J.S. Russell, I. Mcleod, and M.B. Dale) 331
7.2 Effects of Arabian Sea Parameters on Indian Monsoon (S.S. Aralikatti) 339
7.3 Scientific Work at MPI in Hamburg in Context with COADS* (I. Jessel) 347
7.4 Relationships of Global SST Patterns to Australian Rainfall Variations* (W. Drosdowsky) 349

Part 8. Computer Applications

8.1 Climate Research Data Tools (CRDtools) and COADS (D.R. Mock and A.R. Messenger) 353
8.2 COADS Metalog: Dynamic COADS Documentation (W.R. Moninger, S.D. Woodruff, R.L. Fozzard, and R.J. Slutz) 359
8.3 Interactive Data Access System for Climate Researchers: The NASA Climate Data System Experience* (J. R. Vanderpool) 371

 
 
Workshop Summary and Recommendations 373
Address List of Participants and Contributors 379