DATA FORMAT Note: "Blank" fields were intended to contain values which did not materialize during the digitization of the data. HEADER RECORD - There is one header record for each voyage. A ship may make many voyages. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pos. Total # Description Explanation No. of Positions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1-2 2 Reel number The microfilm reel number. 3-6 4 Frame number The number found at the top of the microfilm frame (e.g., 0578) where the voyage begins. The frame number is kept until the voyage is complete, even if the voyage covers several sequential frames. 7 1 Voyage sequence The seven characters in positions 1-7 constitute a unique number identifying each voyage. The seventh character (1-9) is used in the case where more than one voyage begins on a single microfilm frame. For example (e.g.), if a voyage on reel 45 starts on frame 0578 and takes two and a half frames for all the observations, the first 7 positions would be the same for each data record (observation) on those two and a half frames, in this case it would be 4505781. If there were two additional unique voyages on the second half of the third frame (frame 0580), the numbers would be 4505801 and 4505802 respectively. If the voyage starting on the second half of the third frame continued through the entire fourth frame (frame 0581), the number would continue as 4505802, and a new voyage beginning on the fifth frame would be 4505821. 8 1 Blank 9-32 24 Name of ship The name of the ship as it appears in the log. Some editing was performed. 33-47 15 Type of ship The type of ship as it appears on the inventory frame at beginning of the reel. Examples: bark, ship, schooner. Some editing was performed. 48-49 2 Form Type Documents the log form types. Only two form types, 01 and 02, were established during the keying of the Maury collection. 50-73 24 Commander The vessel's commander as it appears on the form. Some editing was performed. 74-97 24 From city The city from which the vessel began its voyage, as it appears on the form. Some editing was performed. 98-121 24 To city The voyage destination as it appears on the form. Some editing was performed. 122-173 53 Blank Note: Generally, a new header was created when a ship began a return voyage or started a second voyage to another destination. DATA RECORD - There is at least one data record (also referred to as an observation) for each voyage. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pos. Total # Description Explanation No. of Positions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-7 7 Voyage number A unique number connecting the header information with the data. Same seven characters as assigned to first seven positions in the header record . 8-11 4 Year Four digit year. 12-13 2 Month 01 - 12. 14-15 2 Day 01 - 31. 16-17 2 Hour Converted to 24 hour clock (00-23) (ship's position) where required, otherwise as it appears on the form. The hour given with the latitude and longitude field; e.g., if the form heading indicates noon position, then coded as 12. If no time was indicated, blank. 18-22 5 Latitude Positions 18-19 = degrees positions 20-21 = minutes (If missing leave blank) Position 22 = hemisphere (N, S, or left blank if missing) Note: If latitude was missing the observation was still keyed. In most cases the latitude can be interpolated from adjacent locations. If tenths of degrees were given, they were converted to minutes and placed in positions 20-21. 23-28 6 Longitude Positions 23-25 = degrees Positions 26-27 = minutes Position 28 = hemisphere (E, W or left blank if missing) Note: Same as for latitude. 29-35 7 Current Code as outlined for wind direction. direction (See positions 104-110) 36 1 Current speed Units in which speed is measured indicator Description Code --------------------------- ---- Knots 1 Miles per hour 2 Miles traveled in 24 hours 3 Miles traveled in 21 hours 4 Meters per second 5 Kilometers per hour 6 Descriptive terms 7 Units not known 8 Distance known, time unknown 9 37-40 4 Current speed If speed is in fractions, code as follows: Speed Code ------ ---- 1/4 0025 1/3 0033 1/2 0050 3/4 0075 1 0100 1 1/2 0150 15 1500 15 1/2 1550 If the current speed is described, coded as follows: Descriptive Term Code ---------------- ---- Brisk 40 Declining 41 Faint 42 Fine 43 Fresh 44 Gale 45 Good 46 Hard 47 Heavy 48 Less 49 Light 50 Moderate 51 Nice 52 Pleasant 53 Squall 54 Steady 55 Stiff 56 Strong 57 Unsteady 58 41-42 2 Minutes Minutes of latitude or longitude of "current drift" over a given time period (as indicated in positions 43-44); e.g. 11' is coded as 11, 2' is coded as 02. 43-44 2 Time period Time period (in hours) over which the amount of current drift in minutes was calculated. e.g. 1hr code as 01 21hrs code as 21 24hrs code as 24 Note: Most are reported for a 24 hour period, e.g. 11 minutes of drift calculated over a 24 hour period. 45 1 Magnetic 1 = degree (positions 46-50) variation 2 = points (positions 46-50) indicator 46-50 5 Magnetic If indicator = 1: variation Positions 46-47 = degrees Positions 48-49 = minutes Positions 50 = E or W If indicator = 2: Positions 46-47 = points Position 48 = tenths of points Position 49 = blank Position 50 = E or W Example: "1 1/2 Pts E" coded as 15 in positions 47-48, E in position 50, positions 46 and 49 left blank. Note: If degrees, minutes, points or East/West declination is missing, only the affected positions are blank. 51-52 2 Barometer Time of barometer reading observation (hour 00-23) if available. Blank if time missing (this is the general case). 53-56 4 Barometric If pressure is given in inches: pressure (first or Positions 53-54 = inches only entry) Positions 55-56 = hundredths of inches Inches Code ------ ---- 29.9 299 29 29 29 9/10 299 29 9/100 2909 If pressure is given in millimeters: Positions 53-55 = mm Position 56 = tenths of mm Millimeters Code ----------- ---- 768.4 7684 768 768 768.0 7680 57 1 Temperature 1 = All temperatures are Fahrenheit indicator 2 = All temperatures are Centigrade 3 = All temperatures are Reaumer 4 = Dry bulb temperature is Fahrenheit Sea temperature is Centigrade 5 = Dry bulb temperature is Centigrade Sea temperature is Fahrenheit 6 = Attached thermometer is Fahrenheit Dry bulb temperature is Fahrenheit Sea temperature is Centigrade 58-61 4 Attached Code as follows: thermometer If Fahrenheit: (first or 79 keyed as 079 only entry) -5 keyed as -05 -12 keyed as -12 101 keyed as 101 If Centigrade: 30 keyed as 030 10 keyed as 010 -2 keyed as -2 -15 keyed as -15 30.1 keyed as 0301 -10.3 keyed as -103 If Reaumur: Same as Centigrade Note: Position 61 is blank for whole degrees, and quarter degrees are rounded to the nearest tenths of a degree. 62-65 4 Attached Same as for first Attached Thermometer Thermometer (positions 58-61). (second entry) 66-69 4 Attached Same as for first Attached thermometer Thermometer (positions 58-61). (third entry) 70-71 2 Hour of first Hour in terms of a 24 hour clock air temperature (local time). entry Examples: 9 AM keyed as 09 9 PM keyed as 21 Note: Left blank if no time was indicated. 72-75 4 Air temperature Same as Attached Thermometer. (first entry) 76-79 4 Water temperature Same as Attached Thermometer. at surface (first entry) 80-83 4 Water temperature Same as Attached Thermometer. at depth (first entry) 84-85 2 Hour of second Same as for first Hour group air temperature (positions 70-71). entry 86-89 4 Air temperature Same as Attached Thermometer. (second entry) 90-93 4 Water temperature Same as Attached Thermometer. at surface (second entry) 94-95 2 Hour of third Same as for first Hour group air temperature (positions 70-71). entry 96-99 4 Air temperature Same as Attached Thermometer. (third entry) 100-103 4 Water temperature Same as Attached Thermometer. at surface (third entry) 104-110 7 Wind Direction Left justify and blank fill. (first part or only entry) If a standard direction was given, it was keyed as N, NNE, NE, ENE, E, ESE, SE, SSE, S, SSW, SW, WSW, W , WNW NW, NNW. If Calm, Cl, Variable, Var., Vrb or Baffling was indicated it was keyed as C (calm), V (variable), or B (baffling). Combinations of alpha and numeric were keyed as written. Examples: N45E, S67E, N15W. If one direction by another, an "x" is used to connect the directions. Examples" "WNW by N" keyed as WNWXN "NNE by NE" keyed as NNEXNE If one direction to another, a "t" is used to connect the directions. Examples: "NNW to N" keyed as NNWTN "SE to SSE" keyed as SETSSE. All directions were translated to English and coded accordingly. Example: A French code of "ONO" was keyed as WNW. If a direction was not codeable, a dash (-) appears in position 104. 111-112 2 Wind force Beaufort Wind Scale (0-12) unless the (part one or observation was in a descriptive form. only entry) If this occured the wind force was coded as follows: Beaufort wind Code --------------- ------ Calm 20 Light air 21 Light breeze 22 Gentle breeze 23 Moderate breeze 24 Fresh breeze 25 Strong breeze 26 Moderate gale 27 Fresh gale 28 Strong gale 29 Whole gale 30 Storm 31 Hurricane 32 Baffling 33 Note: For the Beaufort codes listed above, position 113 will always be blank. 113 1 Additional wind force information (when available) Note: For the other descriptions of wind strength the following one or two word combinations were used. POSITIONS 111-112 POSITION 113 ----------------- ------------- TERM | CODE TERM | CODE ----------------- ------------- Brisk 40 Breeze 1 Declining 41 Gale 2 Faint 42 Trade 3 Fine 43 Wind 4 Fresh 44 Gale 45 Good 46 Hard 47 Heavy 48 Less 49 Light 50 Moderate 51 Nice 52 Pleasant 53 Squall 54 Steady 55 Stiff 56 Strong 57 Unsteady 58 Violent 59 Gentle 60 Fair 61 Variable 62 Smart 63 Small 64 Increasing 65 Changeable 66 Tremendous 67 Furious 68 Prosperous 72 High 73 Examples: Brisk Gale = 402 in positions 111-113 Strong = 57 in positions 111-112, position 113 left blank Moderate Gale = 512 in positions 111-113 Pleasant Breeze = 531 in positions 111-113 Gale = 45 in positions 111-112, position 113 left blank 114-120 7 Wind direction Same as wind direction, first (middle part) part (positions 104-110) 121-123 3 Wind force Same as wind force, first (middle part) part (positions 111-113) 124-130 7 Wind direction Same as wind direction, first (latter part) part (positions 104-110) 131-133 3 Wind force Same as wind force, first (latter part) part (positions 111-113) 134-135 2 Cloud form Abbreviate cloud types as indicated (first or only) below: Cloud Type Code ---------- ---- Cirrus CI Cirrocumulus CC Cirrostratus CS Altocumulus AC Altostratus AS Stratus ST Stratocumulus SC Nimbostratus NS Cumulus CU Cumulonimbus CB 136-142 7 Direction of Same as wind direction in positions clouds (first 104-110. or only entry) 143-144 2 Cloud Form Same as cloud form in positions (second entry) 134-135. 145-151 7 Direction of Same as wind direction in positions clouds (second 104-110. entry) 152-153 2 Cloud Form Same as cloud form in positions (third entry) 134-135. 154-160 7 Direction of Same as wind direction in positions clouds (third 104-110. entry) 161-162 2 Proportion 0 through 10. of sky clear Example: "9/10", "9.", or ".9" are keyed as 09. 163-164 2 Hours of Whole hours with any fraction Weather rounded to the nearest hour. Examples: "1/2" keyed as 1 in position 163 "1.5" keyed as 2 in position 163 "10 hours" keyed as 10 in positions 163 and 164. Note: Hours of weather are generally associated with a present weather indicator value of "2". Blank if not reported. 165 1 Present 1 = Beaufort Weather Code weather 2 = Four Choice Code indicator 3 = WMO Code 4677 166-171 6 Present "Present weather" generally describes weather the state of the atmosphere. If there is a 1 in position 165 (weather indicator): Beaufort Weather Code ------------------------------------- Code Present Weather ----- ------------------------------ B Blue sky C Cloudy sky (detached clouds) D Drizzle F Fog G Gloomy H Hail L Lightning M Mist O Overcast skies P Passing showers Q Squall R Rain (continuous) S Snow T Thunder U Ugly threatening sky V Exceptional visibility W Dew Z Haze Note: These codes are left justified and can be used in combination. Examples: BC = Partly cloudy in positions 166-167. FDGO = Fog and drizzle, gloomy with overcast skies in positions 166-169 SPO = Overcast skies with passing snow showers in positions 166-168 FDGOUM is coded in positions 166-171 If there is a 2 in position 165 (weather indicator), the following may be found singly or in combination in positions 166 through 169: Four Choice Code ------------------------- Code Present Weather ---- ------------------ A Fog B Rain C Snow D Hail If the weather was more closely represented by the WMO Code 4677 (ww - present weather), then the 00-99 code that was most representative was used. WMO Code 4677 ------------------------- Code Present Weather ---- ------------------ 00 Cloud development not observed. 01 Clouds generally dissolving or becoming less developed. 02 State of the sky unchanged. 03 Clouds generally forming or developing. 04 Visibility reduced by smoke. 05 Haze. 06 Widespread dust in suspension in the air, not raised by wind at or near the station at time of observation. 07 Dust or sand raised by wind at or near the station at time of observation, but no well- developed dust whirls or sand whirls and no dust storm or sandstorm seen. 08 Well developed dust whirls or sand whirls seen at or near the station during the preceding hour or at time of observation, but no dust storm or sandstorm. 09 Dust storm or sandstorm within sight at time of observation, or at the station during the preceding hour. 10 Light fog (visibility 1,100 yards or more); synonymous with European term "mist." 11 Patches of shallow fog or ice fog at the station, not deeper than about 10 meters. 12 More or less continuous shallow fog or ice fog at the station, not deeper than about 10 meters. 13 Lightning visible, no thunder heard. 14 Precipitation within sight, not reaching the surface of the sea. 15 Precipitation within sight, reaching the surface of the sea, but more than 5 km. from the station. 16 Precip within sight, reaching the surface of the sea, near to, but not at the station. 17 Thunderstorm, but no precip at time of observation. 18 Squalls at or within sight of the station during the preceding hour or at time of observation. 19 Funnel cloud or waterspout at or within sight of the station during the preceding hour or at time of observation. Codes 20 to 29 refer to phenomena that occurred at the station during the preceding hour but not at time of observation: 20 Drizzle (not freezing) or snow grains. 21 Rain (not freezing). 22 Snow. 23 Rain and snow or ice pellets, type (a). 24 Freezing drizzle or freezing rain. 25 Shower of rain. 26 Shower of snow, or of rain and snow. 27 Shower of hail (ice pellets, type (b), snow pellets), or of rain and hail. 28 Fog or ice fog. 29 Thunderstorm (with or without precip). Codes 30 to 99 refer to phenomena occurring at the ship at time of observation: 30 Slight or moderate dust storm or sandstorm has decreased during the preceding hour. 31 Slight or moderate dust storm or sandstorm with no appreciable change during the preceding hour. 32 Slight or moderate dust storm or sandstorm has begun or has increased during the preceding hour. 33 Severe dust storm or sandstorm has decreased during the preceding hour. 34 Severe dust storm or sandstorm with no appreciable change during the preceding hour. 35 Severe dust storm or sandstorm has begun or has increased during the preceding hour. 36 Slight or moderate drifting snow generally low (below eye level, less than 6 feet). 37 Heavy drifting snow generally low (below eye level, less than 6 feet). 38 Slight or moderate blowing snow generally high (above eye level, 6 feet or more). 39 Heavy blowing snow generally high (above eye level, 6 feet or more). 40 Fog or ice fog at a distance at time of observation, but not at the station during the preceding hour, the fog or ice fog extending to a level above that of the observer. 41 Fog or ice fog in patches. 42 Fog or ice fog (sky visible) has become thinner during the preceding hour. 43 Fog or ice fog (sky invisible) has become thinner during the preceding hour. 44 Fog or ice fog (sky visible) with no appreciable change during the preceding hour. 45 Fog or ice fog (sky invisible) with no appreciable change during the preceding hour. 46 Fog or ice fog (sky visible) has begun or has become thicker during the preceding hour. 47 Fog or ice fog (sky invisible) has begun or has become thicker during the preceding hour. 48 Fog, depositing rime, sky visible. 49 Fog, depositing rime, sky invisible. Codes 50 to 99 indicate precipitation at the station at time of observation: 50 Drizzle, not freezing, intermittent, slight at time of observation. 51 Drizzle, not freezing, continuous, slight at time of observation. 52 Drizzle, not freezing, intermittent, moderate at time of observation. 53 Drizzle, not freezing, continuous, moderate at time of observation. 54 Drizzle, not freezing, intermittent, heavy (dense) at time of observation. 55 Drizzle, not freezing, continuous, heavy (dense) at time of observation. 56 Drizzle, freezing, slight. 57 Drizzle, freezing, moderate or heavy (dense). 58 Drizzle and rain, slight. 59 Drizzle and rain, moderate or heavy. 60 Rain, not freezing, intermittent, slight at time of observation. 61 Rain, not freezing, continuous, slight at time of observation. 62 Rain, not freezing, intermittent, moderate at time of observation. 63 Rain, not freezing, continuous, moderate at time of observation. 64 Rain, not freezing, intermittent, heavy at time of observation. 65 Rain, not freezing, continuous, heavy at time of observation. 66 Rain, freezing, slight. 67 Rain, freezing, moderate or heavy. 68 Rain or drizzle and snow, slight. 69 Rain or drizzle and snow, moderate or heavy. 70 Intermittent fall of snowflakes, slight at time of observation. 71 Continuous fall of snowflakes, slight at time of observation. 72 Intermittent fall of snowflakes, moderate at time of observation. 73 Continuous fall of snowflakes, moderate at time of observation. 74 Intermittent fall of snowflakes, heavy at time of observation. 75 Continuous fall of snowflakes, heavy at time of observation. 76 Ice prisms (with or without fog). 77 Snow grains (with or without fog). 78 Isolated star-like snow crystals (with or without fog). 79 Ice pellets, type (a) (sleet, U.S. definition). 80 Rain shower, slight. 81 Rain shower, moderate or heavy. 82 Rain shower, violent. 83 Shower of rain and snow mixed, slight. 84 Shower of rain and snow mixed, moderate or heavy. 85 Snow shower, slight. 86 Snow shower, moderate or heavy. 87 Slight showers of snow pellets or ice pellets, type(b), with or without rain or rain and snow mixed. 88 Moderate or heavy showers of snow pellets or ice pellets, type (b), with or without rain or rain and snow mixed. 89 Slight showers of hail, with or without rain or rain and snow mixed, not associated with thunder. 90 Moderate or heavy showers of hail, with or without rain or rain and snow, mixed, not associated with thunder. 91 Slight rain at time of observation, thunderstorm during preceding hour but not at time of observation. 92 Moderate or heavy rain at time of observation, thunderstorm during preceding hour but not at time of observation. 93 Slight snow, or rain and snow mixed, or hail, at time of observation with thunderstorm during the preceding hour but not at time of observation. 94 Moderate or heavy snow, or rain and snow mixed, or hail, at time of observation with thunderstorm during the preceding hour but not at time of observation. 95 Thunderstorm, slight or moderate, without hail, but with rain and/or snow at time of observation. 96 Thunderstorm, slight or moderate, with hail at time of observation. 97 Thunderstorm, heavy, without hail but with rain and/or snow at time of observation. 98 Thunderstorm combined with dust storm or sandstorm at time of observation. 99 Thunderstorm, heavy, with hail at time of observation. Examples: rain = 60 (positions 166-167) drizzle = 50 fog = 40 Note that positions 168-171 are left blank. As many as three different present weather codes can be reported in positions 166-171. Examples: Rain and fog = 6040 (in positions 166-169) Thunder, rain, snow = 176070 (in positions 166-171) *OR* Thunder, rain, snow = 95 (in positions 166-167) 172-173 2 Magnetic The letters "MV" are placed in Variation positions 172-173 to indicate the Quality Control value in positions 46-50 failed the Indicator manual quality control at the time the observation was digitized. This flag was set if the magnetic variation entered in the log was off by more than ten degrees from Hydrographic Office Chart No. 1706.