Translation Specification for Fram data. May 2000, sjw
History and preconversion clean up.
Data for the Fram data (1893-1896, North of 76N) were obtained from the
Deutscher Wetterdienst (the German Weather Service) with the assistance of
Volker Wagner through NSIDC. Many more details of the expedition are given on
the EWG CD-ROM prepared by NSIDC. For original format descriptions see
FRAM-1.gif, FRAM-2.gif, and fram.htm.
Reference Publication:
Nansen, F., The Norwegian North Polar Expedition, 1893-1896, Scientific
Results, Volume VI. Greenwood Press, New York, 1905.
NSIDC performed some QC work while preparing the EWG CD-ROM. That work
included,
* The ship position information (octant, latitude, longitude system) was
replaced with positions from "Arctic Ocean Drift Tracks from Ships,
Buoys, and Manned Research Stations", available at NSIDC, Colony and
Thorndike, 1984. These smoothed ship positions are superior to the
original information, e.g. 50-60 original longitude indicators are .gt.
900 (dates 1895 03 24 to 1895 05 07), these are incorrect in the octant,
latitude, and longitude system.
Reference;
Colony, R., and A.S. Thorndike, An estimate of the mean field of arctic sea ice motion,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 89 (C6), 10,623-10,629, 1984.
* Temperatures (air, wet bulb, dewpt) were changed from -0*.* to -2*.* on
1895 03 15 0900 to agree with surrounding observations. Similarly,
temperatures where changed from + to - on 1895 04 13 1400.
This data file was is called nisdc.org1/fram.dat and has original positions
in the octant, latitude, longitude system. The data was received from NSIDC
7 January 2000. Processing for COADS begins with this file. Ship positions
are NOT taken from this file but from nisdc.uni/uni.fram.dat. These
positions are from Colony and Thorndike, 1984.
------------------------------
NOTE: see FRAM-1.gif, FRAM-2.gif, or fram.htm for original byte positions
2 YR 4 digit year
3 MO 2 digit month
4 DY 2 digit day
5 HR 2 digit hour (no minutes),
UTC determined by the German Weather Service
6 TI set = 0, nearest whole hour
7 LON decimal longitude taken from Colony and Thorndike, 1984
original octant, latitude, and longitude saved in the
supplemental attachment.
8 LAT decimal latitude taken from Colony and Thorndike, 1984
9 LI set = 3, interpolated
10 DCK set = 734, Arctic Drift Stations
11 SID set = 68, Arctic Drift Station
12 PT set = 9, ice station (manned, including ships overwintering in ice)
18 DI set = 3, 16 of 32-point compass
19 D Convert 00-32, and 99 code, 16 points on the
32 point compass to whole degrees according to Table F2-1
Release 1 COADS Manual.
Mapped using subroutine wdiri16(cdir,dir).
The character strings and degree assignments from wdiri16 are
given below.
data comp/'02','04','06','08','10','12','14','16','18',
* '20','22','24','26','28','30','32','00','99'/
data deg /' 23',' 45',' 68',' 90','113','135','158',
* '180','203','225','248','270','293','315','338',
* '360','361','362'/
20 WI set = 5, Beaufort force (based on documentation)
21 W Beaufort Wind Force (0-12)
Convert BF to meters/sec using lmrlib function fxbfms(bf)
A field for computed wind speed is available in the original
format, but was found to be always missing.
23 VV none found
24 WW none found
25 W1 all input appears to be suspicious, see supplemental attachment
27 SLP mb to 10th
28 T1 set = 0, degrees Celsius and tenths
29 AT 4 digits
sign: ' '= blank no value
+ = positive value
- = negative value
value = 3 digits
30 WBT 4 digits
sign: ' '= blank no value
+ = positive value
- = negative value
E = ice value (none found)
value = 3 digits
31 DPT 4 digits
sign: ' '= blank no value
+ = positive value
- = negative value
value = 3 digits
32 SST none found
34 N 2 digit cloudiness (00-10)
Convert to oktas cloudiness with lmrlib function ixt1ok(n10).
35 NH 2 digit low cloud amount (00-10)
Convert to oktas cloudiness with lmrlib function ixt1ok(n10).
36 CL 1 digit low cloud type (0-9), no CL = 10 can be found
39 CM 1 digit middle cloud type (0-9), no CM = 10 can be found
40 CH 1 digit high cloud type (0-9), no CH = 10 can be found
56 II set = 10, composite information from early ship data
57-
64 ID(8) 4 character string, fix as FRAM
Notes:
* The indicator for water temperature (field 7) is always blank.
* The indicator for wind measurements (field 16) is nearly always '-'
which means estimated. In these cases beaufort force (0-12) is
available. Six cases were found with field 16 as blank and no
associated wind data. This field 16 is never '+'.
* Visibility (field 31) is always blank.
* 23 records were found to have swell wave index (+:vollstandig means
complete), direction, and force (fields 26,27,and 29). The
direction, 50, doesn't seem to be coded as 00-32, and 99 as noted in
the documentation. The Peterson wave force (0-9) is an unknown scale.
These swell wave data were not translated, but are available in the
supplemental attachment. No wind wave data (fields 21,22, and 24) were
found.
+ 50 7
+ 50 7
+ 50 4
+ 50 4
+ 50 7
+ 50 7
+ 50 6
+ 50 4
+ 50 7
+ 50 7
+ 50 4
+ 50 4
+ 50 6
+ 50 7
+ 50 6
+ 50 4
+ 50 4
+ 50 4
+ 50 4
+ 50 4
+ 50 7
+ 50 7
+ 50 4
* Fields 50-56 are all missing. These are SST, temperature difference,
ship speed and displacement, and precipitation.
* Fields 41-42 are all missing. These are A, and PPP.
Supplemental data: [fill in numerical values once processing is finalized]
data byte1/1,7,9,11,13,15,21,22,26,28,30,31,33,34,37,
* 40,41,43,46,48,49,50,52,53,54,56,57,59,60,61,63,
* 65,67,68,70,72,73,74,75,76,81,82,85,86,89,90,
* 93,94,97,100,101,104,105,108,109,110,113,114,
* 115,116,117,118,119/
data byte2/6,8,10,12,14,20,21,25,27,29,30,32,33,36,39,40,
* 42,45,47,48,49,51,52,53,55,56,58,59,60,62,64,66,
* 67,69,71,72,73,74,75,80,81,84,85,88,89,92,93,96,
* 99,100,103,104,107,108,109,112,113,114,115,116,
* 117,118,119/
c add the supplemental data
n1=1
n2=2
csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(5):byte2(5)) !type of book
len=6
n1=n2+1
n2=n2+len
csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(6):byte2(6)) !sheet number
len=1
n1=n2+1
n2=n2+len
csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(13):byte2(13)) !octant
len=3
n1=n2+1
n2=n2+len
csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(14):byte2(14)) !latitude (0-900), 10ths
len=3
n1=n2+1
n2=n2+len
csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(15):byte2(15)) !longitude (0-900), 10ths
len=2
n1=n2+1
n2=n2+len
csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(19):byte2(19)) !beaufort force
len=1
n1=n2+1
n2=n2+len
csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(26):byte2(26)) ! swell wave indicator
len=2
n1=n2+1
n2=n2+len
csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(27):byte2(27)) ! swell wave direction
len=1
n1=n2+1
n2=n2+len
csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(29):byte2(29)) ! swell wave force
len=1
n1=n2+1
n2=n2+len
csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(33):byte2(33)) ! past weather
len=3
n1=n2+1
n2=n2+len
csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(49):byte2(49)) ! relative humidity
len=7
n1=n2+1
n2=n2+len
csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(57):byte2(63)) ! Beaufort Weather 1-7