Translation Specification for Fram data. May 2000, sjw History and preconversion clean up. Data for the Fram data (1893-1896, North of 76N) were obtained from the Deutscher Wetterdienst (the German Weather Service) with the assistance of Volker Wagner through NSIDC. Many more details of the expedition are given on the EWG CD-ROM prepared by NSIDC. For original format descriptions see FRAM-1.gif, FRAM-2.gif, and fram.htm. Reference Publication: Nansen, F., The Norwegian North Polar Expedition, 1893-1896, Scientific Results, Volume VI. Greenwood Press, New York, 1905. NSIDC performed some QC work while preparing the EWG CD-ROM. That work included, * The ship position information (octant, latitude, longitude system) was replaced with positions from "Arctic Ocean Drift Tracks from Ships, Buoys, and Manned Research Stations", available at NSIDC, Colony and Thorndike, 1984. These smoothed ship positions are superior to the original information, e.g. 50-60 original longitude indicators are .gt. 900 (dates 1895 03 24 to 1895 05 07), these are incorrect in the octant, latitude, and longitude system. Reference; Colony, R., and A.S. Thorndike, An estimate of the mean field of arctic sea ice motion, Journal of Geophysical Research, 89 (C6), 10,623-10,629, 1984. * Temperatures (air, wet bulb, dewpt) were changed from -0*.* to -2*.* on 1895 03 15 0900 to agree with surrounding observations. Similarly, temperatures where changed from + to - on 1895 04 13 1400. This data file was is called nisdc.org1/fram.dat and has original positions in the octant, latitude, longitude system. The data was received from NSIDC 7 January 2000. Processing for COADS begins with this file. Ship positions are NOT taken from this file but from nisdc.uni/uni.fram.dat. These positions are from Colony and Thorndike, 1984. ------------------------------ NOTE: see FRAM-1.gif, FRAM-2.gif, or fram.htm for original byte positions 2 YR 4 digit year 3 MO 2 digit month 4 DY 2 digit day 5 HR 2 digit hour (no minutes), UTC determined by the German Weather Service 6 TI set = 0, nearest whole hour 7 LON decimal longitude taken from Colony and Thorndike, 1984 original octant, latitude, and longitude saved in the supplemental attachment. 8 LAT decimal latitude taken from Colony and Thorndike, 1984 9 LI set = 3, interpolated 10 DCK set = 734, Arctic Drift Stations 11 SID set = 68, Arctic Drift Station 12 PT set = 9, ice station (manned, including ships overwintering in ice) 18 DI set = 3, 16 of 32-point compass 19 D Convert 00-32, and 99 code, 16 points on the 32 point compass to whole degrees according to Table F2-1 Release 1 COADS Manual. Mapped using subroutine wdiri16(cdir,dir). The character strings and degree assignments from wdiri16 are given below. data comp/'02','04','06','08','10','12','14','16','18', * '20','22','24','26','28','30','32','00','99'/ data deg /' 23',' 45',' 68',' 90','113','135','158', * '180','203','225','248','270','293','315','338', * '360','361','362'/ 20 WI set = 5, Beaufort force (based on documentation) 21 W Beaufort Wind Force (0-12) Convert BF to meters/sec using lmrlib function fxbfms(bf) A field for computed wind speed is available in the original format, but was found to be always missing. 23 VV none found 24 WW none found 25 W1 all input appears to be suspicious, see supplemental attachment 27 SLP mb to 10th 28 T1 set = 0, degrees Celsius and tenths 29 AT 4 digits sign: ' '= blank no value + = positive value - = negative value value = 3 digits 30 WBT 4 digits sign: ' '= blank no value + = positive value - = negative value E = ice value (none found) value = 3 digits 31 DPT 4 digits sign: ' '= blank no value + = positive value - = negative value value = 3 digits 32 SST none found 34 N 2 digit cloudiness (00-10) Convert to oktas cloudiness with lmrlib function ixt1ok(n10). 35 NH 2 digit low cloud amount (00-10) Convert to oktas cloudiness with lmrlib function ixt1ok(n10). 36 CL 1 digit low cloud type (0-9), no CL = 10 can be found 39 CM 1 digit middle cloud type (0-9), no CM = 10 can be found 40 CH 1 digit high cloud type (0-9), no CH = 10 can be found 56 II set = 10, composite information from early ship data 57- 64 ID(8) 4 character string, fix as FRAM Notes: * The indicator for water temperature (field 7) is always blank. * The indicator for wind measurements (field 16) is nearly always '-' which means estimated. In these cases beaufort force (0-12) is available. Six cases were found with field 16 as blank and no associated wind data. This field 16 is never '+'. * Visibility (field 31) is always blank. * 23 records were found to have swell wave index (+:vollstandig means complete), direction, and force (fields 26,27,and 29). The direction, 50, doesn't seem to be coded as 00-32, and 99 as noted in the documentation. The Peterson wave force (0-9) is an unknown scale. These swell wave data were not translated, but are available in the supplemental attachment. No wind wave data (fields 21,22, and 24) were found. + 50 7 + 50 7 + 50 4 + 50 4 + 50 7 + 50 7 + 50 6 + 50 4 + 50 7 + 50 7 + 50 4 + 50 4 + 50 6 + 50 7 + 50 6 + 50 4 + 50 4 + 50 4 + 50 4 + 50 4 + 50 7 + 50 7 + 50 4 * Fields 50-56 are all missing. These are SST, temperature difference, ship speed and displacement, and precipitation. * Fields 41-42 are all missing. These are A, and PPP. Supplemental data: [fill in numerical values once processing is finalized] data byte1/1,7,9,11,13,15,21,22,26,28,30,31,33,34,37, * 40,41,43,46,48,49,50,52,53,54,56,57,59,60,61,63, * 65,67,68,70,72,73,74,75,76,81,82,85,86,89,90, * 93,94,97,100,101,104,105,108,109,110,113,114, * 115,116,117,118,119/ data byte2/6,8,10,12,14,20,21,25,27,29,30,32,33,36,39,40, * 42,45,47,48,49,51,52,53,55,56,58,59,60,62,64,66, * 67,69,71,72,73,74,75,80,81,84,85,88,89,92,93,96, * 99,100,103,104,107,108,109,112,113,114,115,116, * 117,118,119/ c add the supplemental data n1=1 n2=2 csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(5):byte2(5)) !type of book len=6 n1=n2+1 n2=n2+len csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(6):byte2(6)) !sheet number len=1 n1=n2+1 n2=n2+len csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(13):byte2(13)) !octant len=3 n1=n2+1 n2=n2+len csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(14):byte2(14)) !latitude (0-900), 10ths len=3 n1=n2+1 n2=n2+len csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(15):byte2(15)) !longitude (0-900), 10ths len=2 n1=n2+1 n2=n2+len csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(19):byte2(19)) !beaufort force len=1 n1=n2+1 n2=n2+len csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(26):byte2(26)) ! swell wave indicator len=2 n1=n2+1 n2=n2+len csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(27):byte2(27)) ! swell wave direction len=1 n1=n2+1 n2=n2+len csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(29):byte2(29)) ! swell wave force len=1 n1=n2+1 n2=n2+len csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(33):byte2(33)) ! past weather len=3 n1=n2+1 n2=n2+len csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(49):byte2(49)) ! relative humidity len=7 n1=n2+1 n2=n2+len csup(n1:n2)=line(byte1(57):byte2(63)) ! Beaufort Weather 1-7